mktime
For windows user:
If you unsuccessfully change date/time format to your locale country using xx_XX format, try using XXX format or ISO-639 country codes format.
See complete list for ISO-639 here: http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm
For example:
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'IND');
echo strftime("Today in Indonesia is %A");
?>
strftime
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
strftime — Formata uma hora/data de acordo com as configurações locais
Descrição
string strftime
( string $format
[, int $timestamp
] )
Formata uma hora/data local de acordo com o configuração de locale. Nome do mês e dia da semana e outras strings dependem do atual local definido com setlocale().
Note que todas as conversões especificadas podem ser suportadas pela sua biblioteca C, em alguns casos elas não serão suportadas pelo PHP strftime(). Além disso, nem todas as plataformas suportam timestamps negativos, então sua faixa de datas não pode ser limitada mais cedo do que a época Unix. Isto significa e.g. %e, %T, %R e %D (e outras mais) e datas anteriores a Jan 1, 1970 não funcionarão em Windows, algumas distribuições Linux, e alguns outros sistemas operacionais. Para sistemas Windows um resumo completo dos especificadores de conversão suportados podem ser encontrados neste website » MSDN .
Parâmetros
- format
-
As seguintes conversões especificadoras são conhecidas no formato de string:
- %a - dia da semana abreviado de acordo com a localidade
- %A - nome da semana completo de acordo com a localidade
- %b - nome do mês abreviado de acordo com a localidade
- %B - nome do mês completo de acordo com a localidade
- %c - representação da data e hora preferida pela a localidade
- %C - número do século (o ano dividido por 100 e truncado para um inteiro, de 00 até 99)
- %d - dia do mês como um número decimal (de 01 até 31)
- %D - mesmo que %m/%d/%y
- %e - dia do mês como um número decimal, um simples dígito é precedido por espaço (de ' 1' até '31')
- %g - como %G, mas sem o século.
- %G - o 4-dígito do ano correspodendo as ISO week number (see %V). Este tem o mesmo formato e valor que %Y, exceto que se o ISO week number pertence ao prévio ou próximo ano, aquele ano é usado ao invés deste.
- %h - mesmo que %b
- %H - hora como um número decimal usando um relógio de 24-horas (de 00 até 23)
- %I - hora como um número decimal usando um relógio de 12-hoas (de 01 até 12)
- %j - dia do ano como número decimal (de 001 até 366)
- %m - mês como número decimal (de 01 até 12)
- %M - minuto como número decimal
- %n - caracter novalinha
- %p - um dos dois `am' ou `pm' de acordo com o valor da hora dada, ou as strings correspondentes para a localidade
- %r - hora em a.m. e p.m. notação
- %R - hora em notação de 24 horas
- %S - segundo como um número decimal
- %t - caracter tab
- %T - hora corrente, igual a %H:%M:%S
-
%u - dia da semana como número decimal [1,7], com 1 representando
Segunda-feira
Aviso
Sun Solaris parece iniciar o Domingo como 1 embora ISO 9889:1999 (o padrão C corrente) claramente especificados que ele poderia ser segunda-feira.
- %U - dia da semana do ano corrente como número decimal, começando com o primeiro domingo como o primeiro dia da primeira semana
- %V - O número da semana corrente ISO 8601:1988 do ano corrente como um número decimal, de 01 até 53, onde semana 1 é a primeira semana que tem pelo menos 4 dias no ano corrente, e com segunda-feira como o primeiro dia da semana. (Use %G ou %g para o componente anual que corresponde ao dia da semana para o para o timestamp especificado.)
- %W - dia da semana do ano corrente como número decimal, começando com o a segunda-feira como o primeiro dia da primera semana
- %w - dia da semana como número decimal, domingo sendo 0
- %x - representação preferida para a data para a localidade corrente sem a hora
- %X - representação preferida para a hora para a localidade corrente sem a data
- %y - ano como número decimal sem o século (de 00 até 99)
- %Y - ano como número decimal incluindo o século
- %Z ou %z - time zone, nome ou abreviação (dependendo do sistema operacional)
- %% - a literal `%' character
Tamanho máximo deste parâmetro é 1023 caracteres.
- timestamp
-
O parâmetro opcional timestamp é um integer Unix timestamp cujo padrão é a hora local se timestamp não for dado. Em outras palavras, o padrão é o valor de time().
Valor Retornado
Retorna uma string formatada de acordo com o formato dado em timestamp ou o horário corrente se nenhum timestamp é dado. Nomes de mês e dia da semana e outras strings dependentes de linguagens respeitam o atual locale definido com setlocale().
Erros
Toda a chamada a uma função de data/hora irá gerar um se a zona da hora não for valida, e/ou uma mensagem E_STRICT se estiver usando a definição do sistema ou a variável de ambiente TZ. Veja também date_default_timezone_set()
Histórico
| Versão | Descrição |
|---|---|
| 5.1.0 | Agora emite E_STRICT e E_NOTICE em erros da zona de horário. |
Exemplos
Este exemplo funciona se você tem os respectivos locales instalados em seu sistema.
Exemplo #1 strftime() exemplos locais
<?php
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
echo strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>
Exemplo #2 Exemplo de número de semana ISO 8601:1988
<?php
/* December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
52 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 30 31 1 2 3 4 5
2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 */
// Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";
/* December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53 27 28 29 30 31 1 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */
// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";
?>
Notas
Nota: %G e %V, que são baseadas nos números de semana no ISO 8601:1988 pode ser dado resultados inesperados (embora corretos) se o sistema numérico não é perfeitamente entendido. Veja exemplos da %V nesta página do manual.
add a note
User Contributed Notesstrftime
buana95 at yahoo dot com
21-Aug-2008 12:51
21-Aug-2008 12:51
vincent at vent dot be
17-Aug-2008 08:26
17-Aug-2008 08:26
Many of the conversion specifiers don't work with the Win32 implementation. Check this list to see which ones will work:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fe06s4ak(VS.71).aspx
contact_ at _line-o_ dot _de
09-May-2008 05:45
09-May-2008 05:45
You can get MS locale strings from here now:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/cdax410z.aspx
Search for "country codes" or "region codes", if they move it again!
(see below...)
Josue R.
09-Mar-2008 12:36
09-Mar-2008 12:36
Here's a simple version for date formating i use between displaying in HTML and converting back to MYSQL format:
<?php
function format_date($original='', $format="%m/%d/%Y") {
$format = ($format=='date' ? "%m-%d-%Y" : $format);
$format = ($format=='datetime' ? "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S" : $format);
$format = ($format=='mysql-date' ? "%Y-%m-%d" : $format);
$format = ($format=='mysql-datetime' ? "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" : $format);
return (!empty($original) ? strftime($format, strtotime($original)) : "" );
}
?>
example (in HTML or webapp):
[grab from database]...
$dbase_stored_date = "2007-03-15";
$display_html_date = format_date($dbase_stored_date);
... displays as "03/15/2007"
example (saving form via on POST/GET):
$update_date = format_date($_POST['display_html_date'], 'mysql-date');
// converts back to '2007-03-15'
.... [your mysql update here]
Don't forget to sanitize your POST/GET's =)
Anonymous
25-Feb-2008 09:08
25-Feb-2008 09:08
%u doesn't work under MS Windows. But getDate()['wday'] works as a perfekt workaround.
Anonymous
23-Feb-2008 04:01
23-Feb-2008 04:01
If the second parameter is null, PHP treats it as 0, so strftime return something like 01/01/1970. Be aware of this.
jerome dot place at free dot fr
07-Nov-2007 06:55
07-Nov-2007 06:55
Here is a function to convert dates before 1970, very useful if you are still using php 4 (it is supported in php5) :
<?php
# convert a date to special format
# $date is like 2000-01-01 00:00:00
# $format : refer to strftime function
function convert_date($date,$format) {
if($date=='0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR $date=='0000-00-00' OR $date=='' OR $date==NULL) {
return '';
}
else {
$year=substr($date,0,4);
if(phpversion() < 5.0 AND $year < 1970) {
$new_date=substr_replace($date,'1980',0,4); # we replace the year by a year after 1970
$new_format=eregi_replace('%a|%A|%u','',$format); # we remove days information from the format because they would be wrong
$new_date=strftime($new_format,strtotime($new_date)); # we convert the date
$new_date=eregi_replace('1980',$year,$new_date); # we put back the real year
return $new_date;
}
else {
return strftime($format,strtotime($date));
}
}
}
?>
josh dot helzer at gmail dot com
19-Sep-2007 11:39
19-Sep-2007 11:39
If strlen($format) >= 1024, the output of strftime($format) is the empty string.
nielsvan den berge at hotmail dot com
31-Aug-2007 10:43
31-Aug-2007 10:43
A small function to get the first weekday of the month.
For example the first monday of the month, or the first friday, etc.
<?php
/**
*
* Gets the first weekday of that month and year
*
* @param int The day of the week (0 = sunday, 1 = monday ... , 6 = saturday)
* @param int The month (if false use the current month)
* @param int The year (if false use the current year)
*
* @return int The timestamp of the first day of that month
*
**/
function get_first_day($day_number=1, $month=false, $year=false)
{
$month = ($month === false) ? strftime("%m"): $month;
$year = ($year === false) ? strftime("%Y"): $year;
$first_day = 1 + ((7+$day_number - strftime("%w", mktime(0,0,0,$month, 1, $year)))%7);
return mktime(0,0,0,$month, $first_day, $year);
}
// this will output the first wednesday of january 2007 (wed 03-01-2007)
echo strftime("%a %d-%m-%Y", get_first_day(3, 1, 2007));
?>
ma
28-Aug-2007 09:58
28-Aug-2007 09:58
note, that for some languages you MUST set LC_ALL instead of LC_TIME.
note that you further have to explicitly define your output-encoding (default is ISO-8859-1 [which makes problems for some languages])!
at least i expirienced this behaviour on a german WinXP-PHP4 environment:
<?php
// does not work - gives question marks:
setlocale(LC_TIME, 'RUS'); // ISO Alpha-3 is supported by xp
echo strftime('%A', time());
?>
<?php
// DOES work:
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8'); // you could also use another charset here if iconv isn't installed on your system.
echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 'RUS').': ';
echo iconv('windows-1251', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A', time()))."\n";
?>
ben dot holland at thirdlight dot com
21-Jun-2007 09:03
21-Jun-2007 09:03
This little function allows you to provide a reasonably human readable string and convert to a timestamp - see example in comments below.
I find it far more useful than having to remember all the '%' modifiers. Am also well aware of its failings but it works in a lot of the real life situations I've come across.
<?php
function AmazingStringFromTime($str, $nTimestamp = null)
{
// This function reads a human readable string representation of dates. e.g.
// DD MM YYYY => 01 07 1978
// DDD D MMM YY => Mon 1 Jul 78
$arrPairs = array(
"DDDD" => "%A",
"DDD" => "%a",
"DD" => "%d",
"D" => "%e", // has leading space: ' 1', ' 2', etc for single digit days
"MMMM" => "%B",
"MMM" => "%b",
"MM" => "%m",
"YYYY" => "%Y",
"YY" => "%y",
"HH" => "%H",
"hh" => "%I",
"mm" => "%M",
"ss" => "%S",
);
$str = str_replace(array_keys($arrPairs), array_values($arrPairs), $str);
return strftime($str, $nTimestamp);
}
?>
th1nk3r at gmail dot DELETETHIS dot com
20-Jan-2007 02:35
20-Jan-2007 02:35
Function strftime() use the locales installed in your system (linux).
If you are like me and only leave in the system the locales you use normally (en_US and your own language locale, like es_ES), you'll only be able to use the locales installed. If your application is translated to other languages, you need these locales too.
The name of the locale in your system is important too. This can be a problem when you want to distribute the app.
If you have this locales in your system:
en_US/ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES/ISO-8859-1
es_ES@euro/ISO-8859-15
es_ES.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES@euro/UTF-8
and use setlocale('es_ES'), the result will use the iso-8859-1 charset even if you have all your system, files and configuration options in UTF-8. To receive content in UTF-8, in this example, you need to use setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8') or setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8@UTF-8').
The definition of locales can change from one system to another, and so the charset from the results.
denis at spiralsolutions dot com
02-Nov-2006 05:07
02-Nov-2006 05:07
(in addition to Andy's post)
To get a RFC 2822 date (used in RSS) of the current local time :
echo strftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z") ;
Note: option %z / %Z - work different on Windows platform, for example
output of this code line can be:
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 Jerusalem Standard Time (on Windows)
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 +0200 (on Linux)
[red. It is much smarter to use date(DATE_RSS); here]
Moritz Stoltenburg
17-Aug-2006 12:45
17-Aug-2006 12:45
In response to the note supplied by "Arpad Borsos":
I think the whole truth is that the output of strftime() considers whatever you stated with setlocale().
<?php
/* Berlin is in Germany */
$locale = setlocale (LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8');
/* Output: Donnerstag, 23. März 2006 (and hopefully UTF-8 ;) */
echo strftime ("%A, %d. %B %Y", strtotime('2006-03-23'));
/* try different possible locale names for german as of PHP 4.3.0 */
$locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8', 'de_DE.UTF-8@euro', 'de_DE');
echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$locale'";
?>
Check the documentation of setlocale() for more.
setlocale (LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8') always worked fine for me.
Arpad Borsos
17-Aug-2006 08:32
17-Aug-2006 08:32
Please note that the strftime output is not encoded in utf8 so you have to use utf8_encode() if you want to print localized month names e.g. for German "März"
[red. this depends on the platform though - some Windows locales *do* use UTF-8 for example]
reeveboy at hotmail dot com
27-Jul-2006 01:01
27-Jul-2006 01:01
To mcallister, phloe and anyone else who want to get on the getDaySuffix() band wagon:
There are already functions to do this. All you really have to do is:
<?php echo date("jS", mktime(0,0,0,1,$myDay,2006)); ?>
Obviously, the only part of mktime that really matters is $myDay.
Moritz Stoltenburg
22-Jul-2006 02:54
22-Jul-2006 02:54
In response to the note supplied by "segfault nycap rr com".
Here is a quicker and easier way:
Use the MySQL Time Function TIME_FORMAT() in your query:
mysql> SELECT TIME_FORMAT('14:35:00', '%l:%i %p');
Or try '%l' in PHP, it works on most systems and is part of the Open Group specification of strftime().
<?php
echo strftime('%l:%M %p', strtotime('14:35:00'));
?>
andy at yatescentral dot com
16-May-2006 12:47
16-May-2006 12:47
When using strftime to generate time stamps for inclusion in RSS feeds, be sure to use %z for the timezone (RFC-822 format) rather than %Z -- for some reason, %Z fails to validate.
posenato at sciNO dot univrSPAM dot it
15-May-2006 03:37
15-May-2006 03:37
To partialy correct Neo's on RFC 850 date...
RFC 850 is obsolete by RFC 1036.
In HTTP header, RFC 1123 is the first choice: it has a fixed length format and 4 digits year.
Therefore, the correct format is:
gmstrftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %T %Z", time ());
Output example: Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT
[red. Use date(DATE_RFC850, time()); instead. (Or DATE_RFC1123 or DATE_RFC1036)]
Jon Keating
17-Jan-2006 10:49
17-Jan-2006 10:49
Under windows if you are using Japanese version, you must use the following code:
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.20932") for EUC
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.932") for SJIS
I found the following page that helped me with this issue:
http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=8329
php at REMOVEMEkennel17 dot co dot uk
19-Dec-2005 09:29
19-Dec-2005 09:29
To correct an error in the above list of formatting codes:
%p - either `AM' or `PM' according to the given time value, or the corresponding strings for the current locale (note result is in capitals)
%P - either `am' or `pm' according to the given time value, or the corresponding strings for the current locale (note result is in lower case)
In addition, the following codes seem to return a value on my system (Linux, Apache/1.3.33, PHP/4.4.1), but are not documented above. I have included the result given by passing them to gmstrftime() with a timestamp of 0 (unix epoch). gmstrftime() was used to avoid timezone/DST differences.
%F: "1970-01-01" (appears to be an SQL-formatted version of the date)
%k: "0" (seems to be the hour in 24-hour clock, without leading zeros (space-padded))
%l: "12" (seems to be the hour in 12-hour clock, without leading zeros (space-padded))
%s: "-3600"
%s seems to be the Unix timestamp passed to the function, but somehow based on the current locale/TZ settings (even in gmstrftime()).
On my system strftime("%H:%M:%S", 0) returns "01:00:00", and strftime("%s", 0) returns "0". Using gmstrftime() I get "00:00:00" and "-3600" respectively.
jw at jwscripts dot com
29-May-2005 10:32
29-May-2005 10:32
The following function implements the conversion specifiers which are not supported on Win32 platforms:
(Note: the specifiers %V, %G and %g can be implemented using other functions described in this section)
<?php
function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) {
if (!$ts) $ts = time();
$mapping = array(
'%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100),
'%D' => '%m/%d/%y',
'%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)),
'%h' => '%b',
'%n' => "\n",
'%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p",
'%R' => date("H:i", $ts),
'%t' => "\t",
'%T' => '%H:%M:%S',
'%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7
);
$format = str_replace(
array_keys($mapping),
array_values($mapping),
$format
);
return strftime($format, $ts);
}
?>
patrick at codeministry dot dk
20-Apr-2005 06:50
20-Apr-2005 06:50
For freebsd user:
You can find the full list of your locale under /usr/share/locale.
For example da_DK.ISO8859-1 under this directory will set up the locale to danish.
bohac at smartcat dot cz
19-Mar-2005 03:36
19-Mar-2005 03:36
i had to use the czech representation of time on unix machine, running debian and linux version of apache with php 4
for me the best solution was to use this code:
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'cs_CZ.iso88592');
?>
then you can do everything in czech language with correct iso-8859-2 encoding ;D
Aaron
25-Jan-2005 06:10
25-Jan-2005 06:10
%k will give you %H (hour, 24-hour clock) with the leading zero replaced by a space. I have only tested this on one linux system so far, it may not work on windows or other linux builds.
michiel1978 at hotmail dot com
06-Oct-2004 06:31
06-Oct-2004 06:31
As said in these comments, Windows strftime() doesn't support %e. However, to achieve a similar effect (not 100%) you can use %#d. The # flag will remove the leading zero, so you do get single digits, but without the space that would be added by %e in other environments.
neo at gothic-chat d0t de
25-Jun-2004 03:27
25-Jun-2004 03:27
To get a RFC 850 date (used in HTTP) of the current time:
gmstrftime ("%A %d-%b-%y %T %Z", time ());
This will get for example:
Friday 25-Jun-04 03:30:23 GMT
Please note that times in HTTP-headers _must_ be GMT, so use gmstrftime() instead of strftime().
adan at cr72 dot com
09-Jun-2004 08:48
09-Jun-2004 08:48
For Spanish:
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, "sp");
echo strftime("%d. %B %Y");
?>
vminarik at ips-ag dot cz
10-Sep-2001 10:02
10-Sep-2001 10:02
Note that setting LC_TIME is not enough for some locales under Windows, e.g. Czech, because there are some characters not contained in default (US) character set like '�' (c with hook), '�' (r with hook).
If you run Apache as regular application and have set your locale to Czech (ControlPanel/RegionalOptions), there is no problem and 'September' is correctly translated as 'z���', 'Thursday' as '�tvrtek'.
But if you run Apache as service, you get 'z�r�', and 'ctvrtek'.
To get things work as you expect you must set LC_CTYPE beside LC_TIME, or set LC_ALL.
<?php
$locale = 'Czech_Czech.1250';
$res = setlocale( 'LC_CTYPE', $locale); //important
$res = setlocale( 'LC_TIME', $locale);
echo strftime( '%A %m. %B %Y', mktime( 0,0,0,9,6,2001));
?>
verdy_p at wanadoo dot fr
22-Jul-2001 09:33
22-Jul-2001 09:33
Beware of '%D':
the comment shown expects that this is the same as '%m/%d/%y'.
This is wrong: '%D' is only expected to returned an abbreviated numeric date according to the current locale:
In the German locale '%D' is '%y.%m.%d'
In the French locale '%D' is '%d/%m/%y'
The locale rules still apply to %D as with '%A'...
Beware that some C libraries do not support '%D' and/or '%A' or do not support them accordingly. Using strftime() is then system-dependant, because PHP use the C function provided by the system on which it runs.
spamyenot at example dot com
18-Jul-2001 03:09
18-Jul-2001 03:09
Solaris 2.6 and 7 define the
%u specifier differently than noted here. Day 1 is Sunday, not Monday. Solaris 8 gets it right.
Jim
zmajeed at cup dot hp dot com
22-Jul-1999 07:14
22-Jul-1999 07:14
Locale names are OS dependent. HP-UX 11.0, for example, has three
German locales, de_DE.roman8, de_DE.iso88591, and
de_DE.iso885915@euro.
The command locale -a will display all available locales on a system.
So on HP-UX, to get German dates:
setlocale("LC_TIME", "de_DE.roman8");
print(strftime("%A\n"));